上海市闵行区不同性质企业职业危害因素及职工健康状况

Occupational hazards and health status survey in enterprises with different nature in Minhang District of Shanghai City

目的了解上海市闵行区各类企业工作场所职业危害现状,健全区内企业档案,为各级政府和卫生部门制定职业卫生服务政策提供科学依据。方法对闵行区具有职业危害因素1 127家企业开展调查,使用Excel录入并整理数据库,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果 1 127家企业中小型企业920家,中型企业182家,大型企业25家。企业中有职业危害因素的作业场所每家平均(2.64±3.35)个。工作场所主要职业危害因素分别为粉尘、苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯等)、氨气氨水、铜锡铅镍锌汞等。职业病危害因素点数(指存在或产生职业危害因素作业场所或工作地点存在的职业病危害因素点数的总量)每家平均为(6.80±15.24)个,最小0个,最大227个。上岗前、在岗期间和离岗时职业健康检查率分别为87.03%、100.00%和86.94%。结论闵行区企业存在的职业危害因素主要以粉尘为主,应继续加强监测和监督,规范开展工作环境职业卫生管理和劳动者健康监护。

[Objective]To understand the occupational hazards status of enterprises with different types in Minhang District of Shanghai City,to improve the local enterprise archives,and provide scientific evidence for all levels of government and health departments to develop occupational health services policy.[Methods]A total of 1 127 enterprises with occupational hazards were investigated,a database was established by using Excel,and then analyzed with the statistical software SPSS 17.0.[Results]Of all 1127 enterprises,920 were small and medium enterprises,182 of medium-scale,25 of large-scale.The number of workplace with occupational hazards was 2.64 ± 3.35 on average in each enterprise.Main occupational hazards in the workplace were dust,BTEX（benzene,toluene,xylene,etc.）,ammonia,copper,nickel,tin,lead,zinc and mercury.The number of occupational hazards points（the total number of workplaces having or producing occupational hazards or occupational hazard points existing in the workplace） was 6.80 ± 15.24 on average,with minimum 0 and maximum 227.The occupational health examination rate of pre-job,during work and retiring was 87.03%,100.00% and 86.94%,respectively.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazrd in enterprises of Minghang District is dust.Therefore it is necessary to continue to strengthen monitoring and inspection,to carry out standardized occupational health management in operation environment and health surveillance of workers.