2006—2010年镇江市新发尘肺的发病特点及其流行特征

Incidence and epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients in Zhenjiang City from 2006-2010

目的浅析近5年镇江市尘肺发病特点及原因。方法对2006年1月1日—2010年12月31日镇江市新诊断的尘肺患者构成、所属企业性质、发病年龄、接尘工种、工龄等方面进行比较分析。结果近5年来镇江市尘肺检出数、检出率有先升高后下降的趋势。国有企业所占比例逐渐下降,患者平均发病年龄高于非国有企业患者(P<0.01),接尘工龄与非国有企业患者相当。工龄不超过10年的新发尘肺工种以主掘进工、凿岩工和破碎工例数为多。结论国企尘肺防治工作是有成效的,平均发病年龄超过工人退休年龄。非国有企业尘肺发病所占比例升高,新发尘肺发病年龄轻,工龄短,病情重。

[Objective]To analyze the characteristics and causes of the pneumoconiosis onset in the past 5 years in Zhenjiang City.[Methods]Comparison and analysis were done on the constitution,enterprise categories,ages of onset,job category and service length of new pneumoconiosis cases from January1,2006 to December 31,2010 in Zhenjiang City.[Results]In recent 5 years,both the number of patients and detection rate of pneumoconiosis tended to increase firstly and then decrease.However,not only the proportion of pneumoconiosis in nation-owned enterprises was decreasing,but also their average age upon diagnosis and period of exposure were both longer than those of patients from non-nation-owned enterprises（P0.01）.The pneumoconiosis patients with dust exposure period shorter than 10 years were mostly the main excavation workers,drilling workers and breakers.[Conclusion]In nation-owned enterprises,the pneumoconiosis prevention is effective,and the average of pneumoconiosis onset age has been over the workers＇ retire age.On the contrary,not only the ratio of patients from non-nation-owned enterprises is increasing,but also the new diagnosed patients are younger with shorter dust exposure period and serious condition.