澳大利亚发展碳汇农业对中国的启示

Development of Carbon-sinking Agriculture in Australia and its Enlightenment to China

在温室气体减排压力持续增大的背景下,各国纷纷积极采取措施探索有效减排途径,随着工业减排空间逐渐减小,对于减排的研究和实践逐渐转向农业。农业系统具有碳源和碳汇的双重特征,减少农业碳排放、增加农业碳汇意义重大。总结了澳大利亚在发展碳汇农业方面的最新政策动向,其具体做法包括征收碳税、建立碳交易机制、进行碳补偿和推动低碳农业技术开发等。借鉴澳大利亚相关经验,结合我国农业发展实情,我国发展碳汇农业一是要在非农领域针对高碳产业征收碳税;二是要建立相应的碳交易和补偿机制;三是要鼓励相关技术的研发;四是推进农业生产方式的转变和农业现代化。

When the pressure of greenhouse gas emission reduction keeps growing,measures of emission reduction are actively taken all over the world.With the industrial reduction potential getting smaller,the research and practice of emission reduction turn to agriculture gradually.Agricultural system can be carbon sources and carbon sink.This paper summarizes the latest policy instrument on the development of carbon-sinking agriculture in Australia,including the practice of carbon tax,carbon trading mechanism,carbon offsets,and to promote low-carbon agricultural technology.Drawing on Australian experience,combined with the domestic agricultural situation,China could further develop carbon-sinking agriculture through the following ways： First,to levy carbon tax on the non-agricultural sectors with high emission.Second,establish the appropriate carbon trading and compensation mechanism.Third,to encourage the relevant technology research and development.Fourth,to promote the change in agricultural production and agricultural modernization.