苏联国家监察制度评析

On the National Supervision Institution of the Soviet Union.

苏联国家监察制度经历了三个历史阶段:列宁时期监察制度的创立、斯大林时期监察制度逐步发生畸变和斯大林之后国家监察制度的调整。其一般特征主要表现为:以权力高度集中的政治体制为基础,受政治神秘主义的支配与操纵,人民监督作用有限。其启示意义是:社会主义国家既要讲权力的监督,也要讲权力的制约;国家监察机关必须拥有真正的独立性和足够的权威;需要加强自下而上的人民监督,切实保障人民的监督权。

The Soviet state supervision system evolved tortuously and difficultly. It may be mainly divided into three stages ： the Lenin period, the Stalin period and the post--Stalin period. National supervision institution of the Soviet state is characterized by three aspects： the first is that it is based on a highly centralized political system; the second is that it is manipulated and controlled by political mysteries; the third is that the role of supervision by the people is limited. The national supervision institution enlightens us： not only power supervision but also power re- striction should be emphasized in socialist countries; National supervisory organs should be independent and suffi- ciently authoritative; supervision by the people from the bottom needs to be strengthened and the people＇s right to supervise should be effectively ensured.