旅游业区位分析——以云南为例

An Ansysis of Tourism Location

通过对云南省旅游地分布和旅游业发展状况的分析 ,提出新的适合于解释旅游业的区位理论 ,其关键是区位的旅游地边际效用分析模型。研究发现旅游地分布存在一种类似杜能环的旅游业区位结构 ,以旅游集散地为中心 ,由内向外 ,依次为“历史古迹带”、“奇异风景带”、“旅游业滞带”和“自然风光与民族风情带”的四条环带状分布。这种结构是廖什理论不能解释的 。

Location is a common appearance in geography. In 1826, Von Thünen put forward the Agricultural Location. In 1909, Weber studied the Industrial Location. After World War II, the study of the location of the third industrial, the Facility Location, became the focus of locational theory. But in the Facility Location theory, the facilities are some public service facilities, such as the hospital, the store, and the library. They are different from the scenic spots. The tourist attractions are unchangeable. So the Tourism Location is different with the Facility Location. The time of visiting and travelling is the key elements that influence the decision of the tourists. The marginal utility of the scenic spots, f , is defined, f= Δ T y/ Δ T x , where T y is the time of visiting in the scenic spot, and T x is the time of travelling from the tourism distributing center to the scenic spots. Based on the study of distribution and development of the scenic spots of Yunnan province, the Tourism Location is got. From the distributing center to the outer region, four rings appear: ① historic sites, ② fancy scenic spots, ③ tourists stagnation, and ④ folkways of minority nationalities & beauty spots. The location is similar to the Thünen ring, but it is decided by the marginal utility of the scenic spots, f , not by the product profit. Because different kinds of scenic spots provide tourists different visiting time, T y , and the tourist attractions are unchangeable, only T x of the scenic spots in their relevant location can satisfy the consumptive psychology of the common tourism. The tourist location also existed in other part of China, but its scale is larger. Because of the Tourists Stagnation, tourism is not suitable to be developed in some regions.