“喝他个痛快”类构式的形成及其语义研究

The Research on the Formation of the Kind of Construction He Ta Ge Tongkuai(喝他个痛快) and Its Semantics

文章从构式语法(construction grammar)的视角对诸如"喝他个痛快/喝他三杯"类强调语气构式的形成及其语义的获得进行了研究。认为"V他个X"双及物构式只有在其构式语义具有"获得"义的语境下,当动词后不带完成体标记"了",且"个"后的X具有认知主体所认为的"褒义的主观大量"义特征时,"他"才能发生虚指,整个构式发生语法化,形成一个不容易切分的构式整体。语法化后的"V他个X"构式表达"将来轻松获得X表达的主观大量"之义;而语法化后的"V他X"构式则表达"将来争取获得X表达的主观大量"之义。构式语法化的研究显示,构成成分的虚化会导致构式的语法化,而语法化了的构式反过来又赋予虚化的构成成分以新的功能。构成成分语义的虚化并不代表其消亡,它以虚化的形式附着在构式中继续发挥作用。

This article makes a research on the formation, semantic attainment of the emphasized tone construction , such as drink heartedly/drink three cups. It argues that V Ta（他） Ge（个） X dit- ransitive constructions could only be grammaticalized to form a hardly divided constructive integrity when the meaning of Ta is abstract under the semantic circumstances that the construction has the meaning ＂attainment＂, there is no perfective aspect mark le（ 了 ） and the elements after Ge have the semantic feature of subjective large volume by the cognitive subject. The grammaticalized construction V Ta Ge X means attaining subjective large volume easily in the future and the V Ta Ge X means.trying for attaining subjective large volume in the future. The researches of construction grammaticalization show that functionalization of the components can make for grammaticalization of construction and the grammaticalized constructions can give the new functions to the functionalized components. The functionalization of the components in the construction doesn＇t hint the fact that the dying of its meaning, but will continuously play a part in the construction in an abstract form.