从排队秩序到宪法秩序——麦考密克的制度法律理论核心命题

From Queue Order to Constitutional Order——the Theme of Institutional Theory of Law by MacComick

使得规范成为规范的并不是规范本身,而是在规范之外的共同信念。这种信念是包括宪法秩序在内的所有秩序得以成立的基础。这就是英国学者麦考密克在他的《法律的制度》一书中阐释的内容,他用排队这个通俗易懂、每个人都有的实际经验阐明了不依赖于明确表述的规范的社会实践和社会秩序的存在,并分离出了不同于规范的事务,即实践者之间相互的行为期待。而正是这种信念才是秩序的最终来源,而正式规则和权威等概念同样建立在这种秩序之上。

According to Institutions of Law written by Scottish scholar Neil MacCormick, it is the mutual faith rather the norms themselves make norms come into being. Such mutual faith lays foundations of all orders including the Constitutional order. With the help of forming a queue as a vivid example which is plain to un- derstand, MacCormick explicates that social practice and social order are independent from explicit norms, thus separating facts from norms. Here the facts refer to behavioral expectations among practitioners. There- fore, this faith is the origin of order, upon which formal norms and authorities are established.