凡纳滨对虾与金钱鱼混养模式水质理化因子及浮游生物群落结构的变化

Changes of Physicochemical Factors and Community Structure of Plankton in Mode of Litopenaeus vannamei Mixed with Scatophagus argus in Intensive Pond

以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)与金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)混养池塘和凡纳滨对虾单养池塘为研究对象,对两池塘水体的理化因子及浮游生物进行测定。结果显示:混养池塘水体的溶解氧与单养池塘相比均无显著性差异;混养和单养池塘的化学需氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐和氨氮的含量在实验过程中均呈现持续上升趋势,但混养池上升趋势较缓,两池塘的上述指标在养殖前期差异不显著,养殖后期有显著差异(P<0.05)。在养殖后期,混养池塘的浮游植物丰度显著大于单养池塘(P<0.05),而浮游动物丰度显著低于单养池塘(P<0.05)。结果表明,混养金钱鱼可有效改善凡纳滨对虾精养池塘的水质,降低亚硝酸盐、氨氮及COD的含量,稳定浮游植物种群结构,控制池塘中浮游动物的过度繁殖。

The physicochemical factors and plankton of polyculture pond of Litopenaeus vannamei and Scatophagus argus and monoculture pond of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied.The results showed that temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen and pH value had no significant difference between two ponds.The value of COD,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen showed a constant rise in the experiment but increased slowly in the polyculture pond.There was no significant difference between two ponds at the beginning while the difference was significant in the later culturing period（P0.05）.The abundance of the phytoplankton was significantly greater than that in the monoculture pond（P0.05）,while the abundance of the zooplankton was significantly lower than that in the single pond（P0.05）.It showed that polyculture can effectively improve the water quality of the precision of Litopenaeus vannamei pond,reduce the nitrite,ammonium nitrogen and the content of COD,stable phytoplankton quantity,and control the zooplankton reproduction excessively.