美国联邦最高法院的权力平衡功能分析——以美国尼克松案为例

The Function of the Balance of Power the Federal Supreme Court in United States

美国是典型的实行三权分立制度的国家,总统与国会相互独立且相互制衡。具有国家权力平衡功能的联邦最高法院居于其中,对二者关系进行调节。凡是越过自身权力界限侵犯另一方的权力,就要被联邦最高法院制止,从而保证国家机关依法定的权力界限行事。美国诉尼克松案就是阐释联邦最高法院的权力平衡功能的最佳案例。

The United States is a typical nation which implements the separation of powers.President and Congress are independent of each other,each of them serves as checks and balances to each other.The Federal Supreme Court,with the function of balancing the state power,adjusts the relationship between them.Once they overstep their authorities and infringe upon the power of the other,the Federal Supreme Court will bring an end to that,ensuring that they act within the competence of their own.The United States v.Nixon case is the best one to illustrate the function of the Federal Supreme Court to balance the state power.