惯习与理性的张力——布迪厄社会本体论的“模糊逻辑”

The Strain between Habitus and Rationality:The "Vague Logic" in Bourdieu's Social Ontology

在以"场域"和"惯习"概念为核心的实践理论以及符号资本和符号权力理论中,布迪厄似乎将马克思主义的决定论重新引入了社会学,在这一点上,称布迪厄为新马克思主义者是有道理的。但是,在反思社会学中,布迪厄倡导和实践的批判态度却表明了他对社会的另一种想象,即认为社会是在"理性"的掌控之下。这种"理性"并非他自己所说的"历史主义的理性",而是无条件的反思和批判精神。由此,布迪厄的社会本体论体现为惯习与理性之间的张力,在某种程度上,正是这种本体论上的辩证性是其理论优势所在。

Bourdieu seems to re introduce Marxism＇s determinism into sociology through the two concepts, ＂field＂ and ＂habitus＇, and in the theory of symbolic capital and symbolic power. On this point, it is reasonable to call him a neo-Marxist. But in his ＂reflexive sociology＂, Bourdieu gives another social image though his critical attitude, i.e. a society under the control of rationality. This ＂rationality＂ is not the ＂historicist rationality＂ in his ex-planation, but an unconditional critical spirit. So his social ontology contains the strain between habitus and rationality, and to some extent, it is this dialecticity that produces his theoretical advantage.