会首组织:羌族传统自治组织的现代恢复——以阿坝州茂县松坪沟乡岩窝寨为例

Huishou Organization:Modern Recovery of the Qiang Minority Ancient Autonomous Organization:Take Yanwo Village,Songpinggou Villages,Mao County, Aba Prefecture for Example

羌族村落岩窝寨是一个农牧二元经济、地方会首自治、发达的家族以及村落社区生活、以及虔诚的多元信仰体系共同维系的极具自治色彩的羌族村寨,这里的百姓一直都生活于自治共同体中。改革后生产队的解体及市场化等因素致使村落分化。但是,传统与现代不是二元对立,相反,现代恰恰激起传统的保护性反应。1984年,遭遇现代影响的的岩窝寨村恢复传统的会首组织,其通过介入村寨社会、文化生活领域,开始从昔日的全面治理村落转化为与正式权力共存,而成为整合村寨社会关系的不可或缺的力量。会首组织一方面对于村寨秩序有所裨益,另一方面也减少了政府管理成本。尽管会首组织在变迁时代过程中依然存在许多问题,它依然对今日的农村组织建设有所启发。

Yanwo village of Qiang Minority Villages is full of Qiang autonomous color village, which consist of a farming dual economic, local Huishou autonomy, developed family and village ＆ community life, and devout mul tiple belief system. The people there have been living in autonomy in the community. After reforming, the collapse of the production and marketization factors caused village differentiation. However, tradition and modern are not binary opposition. To the contrary, modern just arouse tradition protective reaction. In 1984, Yanwo village which experienced the process of modernization recovered traditional Huishou organization. It changed into a situ ation with equal coexistence from comprehensive governance village by intervention the social and cultural village life. And it becomes an indispensable power to integrate social relations in the village. On the one hand, Huishou organization is helpful to the order of villages. On the another hand, Huishou organization also reduce the cost of management from government. In the process of changing times, although Huishou organization still exist many problems, it has inspiration to the present construction of rural organization.