应用于脉冲功率系统的高储能密度电容器

High energy storage density capacitors in pulsed power application

介绍了现有技术条件下脉冲电容器的各种性能参数及其测试方法,包括储能密度、寿命、保压性能、绝缘电阻等;同时介绍了元件的主要分析测试手段,如大电测试、保压测试等,并研究了后处理工艺、介质系统优化和绝缘系统优化对电容器性能的影响。在此基础上,面向不同应用条件如大电流放电、长寿命、真空环境等,对高储能密度脉冲电容器进行研究,并给出相应的性能参数、限制条件和发展前景。研究结果表明:50kV/20μF的电容器,可实现120kA/80μs的大电流输出,并通过-50～60℃的高低温考核;基于绝缘系统优化的浸渍型脉冲电容器,充放电寿命为干式结构的2～3倍,储能密度为2.0kJ/L时,寿命大于1 000次,储能密度为1.3kJ/L时,寿命大于10 000次;1.4kJ/L高储能密度电容器,可以工作在气压小于10-3 Pa的真空条件下,输出电流达100kA。

This paper studies the main performance parameters and measurements of metallized polypropylene film capacitors,such as energy density,voltage maintaining performance and insulation resistance.Through-current and insulation resistance tests are carried out for metallized film capacitor windings,and parameter optimization of the windings is discussed.According to the requirement of high current,long lifetime and vacuum applications,a 50 kV/20 μF metallized film capacitor with 120 kA/80μs discharge current is developed,which can work at-50 to 60 ℃.After impregnation techniques optimization,the lifetime of the capacitor can be increased up to 2 to 3 times that of the dry metallized film capacitor.An impregnated metallized film capacitor with energy storage density of 2.0 kJ/L is designed and tested with a lifetime over 1 000 shots.It can achieve a lifetime of over 10 000 shots with energy storage density of 1.3 kJ/L.Another capacitor with 1.4 kJ/L energy storage density is designed and tested with discharge current storage up to 100 kA in vacuum applications（pressure lower than 10-3 Pa）.