南京仙林新市区景观生态质量变化研究

Study on the Change of Landscape Ecological Quality in Xianlin New City of Nanjing

城市化对生态环境的影响日益显著,探讨城市景观格局变化对生态质量产生的影响成为重要的基础性问题之一。选取南京仙林新市区为研究案例,在理解与认识研究区域景观结构和格局特征的基础上,综合考虑景观干扰和稳定性,构建景观生态质量评价模型,利用RS和GIS技术构建各指标空间分异图来揭示城市化影响下景观生态质量时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)2003—2009年间,研究区景观干扰程度日益加大,干扰程度处于4级和5级的面积增加89.34%,景观空间异质性分异明显;(2)受城市化影响,景观稳定程度降低,稳定程度处于4级和5级的面积减少83.11%;(3)研究区景观生态质量总体呈降低趋势,景观生态质量处于4级和5级的面积减少82.25%,并且随着城市化影响强度加大,其景观生态质量降低程度更加明显。

The impact of urbanization on ecological environment is increasingly significant.Discussion on the impact of urban landscape pattern changes on ecological quality becomes one of the most important and fundamental issues.This paper focuses on understanding landscape structure and pattern impact on landscape ecological quality in Nanjing Xianlin New City and a landscape structure-based model integrating stabilization degree and disturbance degree of landscape ecosystem is established.Based on RS and GIS technology,the spatial difference image of each index is constructed to analyze the pattern of landscape ecological quality and their changes at temporal and spatial scale in the context of rapid urbanization in the study area.Evaluation results showed that the disturbance degree increased during 2003 and 2009,the area of level 4 and 5 was increased by 89.34%,and with obvious spatial heterogeneity;and the stabilization degree seriously declined because of rapid urbanization,with a loss of 83.11% of level 4 and 5;as results,the landscape ecological quality became worse than before,the area of level 4 and 5 was decreased by 82.25%,and the declined degree may become more significant in pace with urbanization.Research on evaluation of landscape ecological quality has important meaning for land ecological management and sustainable land use.