新西兰白兔·福建黄兔及其杂交组合屠宰性能和肉品质的杂种优势分析

Comparison on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in New Zealand White Rabbit,Fujian Yellow Rabbit and Their Hybrid Combinations

[目的]评价新西兰白兔与福建黄兔杂交群体的杂种优势。[方法]对新西兰白兔、福建黄兔及其正反交群体共80个个体进行屠宰性能和肉品质的测定。[结果]4个家兔群体的宰前活重、全净膛重和半净膛重分别为1 817.20～2 308.60、914.10～1 231.50和985.99～1 315.20 g。公兔群体中,福建黄兔×新西兰白兔的屠宰性能最高;母兔群体中,新西兰白兔的屠宰性能最高。4个家兔群体的腿肌剪切力和背最长肌剪切力分别为25.11～40.44和18.02～26.44 N。其中,新西兰白兔公兔群体腿肌剪切力最低,而新西兰白兔母兔群体背最长肌剪切力最低。腿肌失水率和背最长肌失水率分别为33.43%～41.52%和31.79%～39.01%。其中,新西兰白兔公兔群体腿肌失水率最低,而福建黄兔公兔群体背最长肌失水率最低。[结论]杂交群体在屠宰性能和肉品质上表现出部分杂种优势。

[Objective] To assess the heterosis of hybrid combinations between New Zealand white rabbit and Fujian yellow rabbit.[Method] Eighty rabbits including New Zealand white rabbit,Fujian yellow rabbit and the reciprocal cross groups of these two populations were selected,and their carcass traits and meat quality were detected.[Result] The live-weight,evisceration weight and half-evisceration weight of the four rabbit populations were 1 817.20-2 308.60,914.10-1 231.50 and 985.99-1 215.20 g,respectively.Fujian yellow rabbit × New Zealand white rabbit had the best slaughter performance in the male rabbit groups,while New Zealand white rabbit had the best in the female rabbit groups.The shear forces of leg muscle and longissimus muscle were 25.11-40.44 and 18.02-26.44 N,respectively.New Zealand white male rabbit had the highest shear force of leg muscle,while New Zealand white female rabbit had the highest shear force of longissimus muscle.The water losing rates of leg muscle and longissimus muscle were 33.43%-41.52% and 31.79%-39.01%,respectively.New Zealand white male rabbit had the highest water losing rate of leg muscle,while Fujian Yellow male rabbit had the highest water losing rate of longissimus muscle.[Conclusion] The hybrid between New Zealand white rabbit and Fujian yellow rabbit showed some heterosis in slaughter performance and meat quality.