地下水开采条件下苏贝淖流域植被演替模型与演替过程分析

Analysis on Vegetation Succession Model and Process under Groundwater Exploitation in Subei Lake Watershed

[目的]研究地下水开采条件下苏贝淖流域植被的演替过程。[方法]通过野外调查,构建植被与地下水位埋深之间的演替模型,并结合地下水位变化预测开采条件下该流域植被的演替规律与过程。[结果]研究区水生植被与地下水关系密切,中生植被次之,沙生、旱生植被与地下水关系不明显;当地下水位埋深较小时,优势植被生长较好,随着地下水位埋深增加,植被的长势变差或根本无法生存;当地下水位持续下降时地下水位埋深增大,研究区水生植被会逐步向中生、旱生植被演替,苔草、马蔺滩地向芨芨草滩地演替,沙柳灌丛向沙蒿、柠条灌丛演替,小叶杨向旱柳演替。[结论]该研究为苏贝淖流域地下水资源与生态环境之间关系的研究提供了科学依据。

[Objective] The study aimed to analyze vegetation succession process under groundwater mining conditions in Subei Lake watershed.[Method] A succession model for vegetation and groundwater level was constructed through field survey,and was used to predict the vegetation succession rules and process according to the changes of groundwater level in Subei Lake watershed under groundwater exploitation.[Result] In Subei Lake watershed,aquatic vegetation was most closely related to groundwater level,followed by mesophytic vegetation,while psammophilous and xerophytic vegetation did not have obvious relation with groundwater level.When groundwater level was small,dominant plants grew well,but they grew worse or died.As the groundwater level fell constantly,vegetation succession would occur gradually from aquatic vegetation to mesophytic and xerophytic vegetation,from Carex L.and Iris ensata Thunb shoaly land to Achnatherum splendens shoaly lands,from Salix psammophila shrubs to Artemisia desterorum Spreng and Caragana korshinskii shrubs,and from Populus simonii to Salix matsudana.[Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for studying the relationship between groundwater resources and ecological environment in Subei Lake basin.