美国社会保障法律制度探究

On legal institution of social security in USA

美国是世界上最早制定系统的社会保障法律制度的国家,其社会保障法律制度具有鲜明的市场化特点,目标是公平与效率的统一。美国社会保障法律制度在促进经济发展、维护社会稳定和调节各利益集团的关系方面都发挥着积极作用,但也存在着一些不可忽视的问题。分析美国社会保障法律制度的特点、问题及改革过程,对正处于转型期的中国有一定的启示:社会保障法律制度的建立和运行要以立法为保障并与经济发展相适应,应格外关注弱势群体利益,应积极应对即将进入的老龄社会带来的问题。

USA is the first country that constitutes systemic legal institution of social security.Its legal institution of social security has apparent marketization character,whose goal is the unification of justice and efficiency.The legal institution of social security in USA exerts active function in promoting the economic development,maintaining the social stability and adjusting the relationship between interest groups,although some existing problems cannot be neglected.To analyze the characteristics,problems and reform process of legal institution of social security in USA will inspire China in its transformation period,i.e.,the construction and exertion of legal institution of social security must guaranteed by legislation and coordinated with economic development,the interest of disadvantaged group should be paid more attention,and the problems brought by aging society not far away should be actively responsed.