中国逻辑研究中的几个问题求解

Solutions to Several Problems in China Logic Research

数学、逻辑、物理学、化学、天文学、地理学和生物学七大基础学科,是全人类共同的科学基本知识。渊源于西方的逻辑是全人类共同的思维工具,是研究中国古代逻辑的正确方法。中国古代逻辑是百家争鸣辩论和朴素科学认识的思维工具,元典是《墨经》、《荀子.正名》和《公孙龙子.名实论》。《小取》定义的推式论证(归谬法),是中国古代思想家逻辑敏锐性的典型例证。中国古代逻辑研究的最大困难,是古文献解读和中西逻辑比较研究科学方法的正确运用。借鉴希尔伯特元数学纲领和塔尔斯基语言层次论的观点,当今中国古代逻辑研究是对中国古代逻辑的元(后设)研究。中国古代逻辑研究与邻近相关学科的研究,必然发生相互作用和影响,借鉴彼此的研究成果与方法。当今用发达完善的西方逻辑方法和现代语言来从事中国古代逻辑研究,促进中国古代逻辑的现代转型,中西逻辑兼容,使中国古代逻辑转换为现代人易于理解和运用的知识形态,可继续发挥中国古代逻辑为现代人类服务的积极作用。

Mathematics, logic, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography and biology these seven＂ basic subjects are the bsaci scientific knoweledges of human being. Logic, originated from the West, is the com- mon thinking tool for human being, also a correct method to study ancient China logic. The ancient China logic is a thinking tool for contentions of different schools and the simple scientific understanding, the ele- ments are Mojing, Xunzi- Naming Correction and Gongsunlongzi-Name and Reality. Inductive argument defined by Xiaoque is the typical example of logic keen acuteness of ancient China thinkers. The most diffi- culty of ancient China logic research is the explanation to ancient documents and the correct use of a com- parative research scientific method of China and the West. Borrowing the viewpoints of metamathematics programme by Hilbert and theory of language hierarchy by Tarski, the current research to ancient China logic is to the elements of ancient China logic. Ancient China logic research certainly has interaction and influence on the closely relating subjects, borrowing research achievements and methods each other. At the present, studying ancient China logic by the developed and improved Western logic method and modem language can promote modem transformation of ancient China logic and compatibility of China and Western logic, changing ancient China logic into a type of knowledge easy for the modem to understand and use, continuing to make the active role of ancient China logic in serving for the modem human being.