电趋肤效应机理与应用

Mechanism and Application of Electricity Skin Effect

比较研究了电趋肤效应机理及电趋肤效应的应用问题,讨论了静电趋肤效应和电流趋肤效应(直流电趋肤效应和交流电趋肤效应),分析了直流电趋肤效应和交流电趋肤效应机理上的差别,分析了高压交流输电和高压直流输电的优缺点.认为静电趋肤效应是由于外电场对处于场中导体内负电荷做功,使之在晶格势场中的能态升高,从而分布在导体的外表面上;直流电载流子在横向电场和磁场共同作用下产生趋肤效应;交流电载流子除了与直流电载流子具有产生趋肤效应相同的原因外,还会受到感应电场的作用,能态升高后产生趋肤效应,因此交流电趋肤效应明显强于直流电趋肤效应.正因为如此,现代发展起来的高压直流输电较高压交流输电更节省电能.

Mechanism and Application of electricity skin effect are studied comparatively.Static and current skin effects（DC and AC skin effects） are discussed.The different mechanisms between DC and AC skin effects are analyzed.And the relative merits of AC and DC high voltage are analyzed.It is considered that static skin effect is caused by work which external electric field doing to negative charge of conductor in the field.Then energy states rising,negative charges distribute on the surface of the conductor.Skin effect of DC carriers is synergetic affected of transverse electric field and magnetic field.As it for AC carriers,except the same reason with DC carriers,there is effect from electric field also,so the skin effect of AC is stronger obviously than that of DC.Just because of this,the modern developing DC high voltage transmission is more save of power than AC.