机插水稻适宜基本苗定量参数的获取与验证

Calculation and verification of quantitative parameters of optimal planting density of machine-transplant rice

在水稻基本苗计算的研究基础上,选择常规粳稻宁粳3号和杂交粳稻常优1号为材料,设置机插不同单穴苗数试验,对机插水稻基本苗计算的定量参数进行了获取研究,并将所得参数输入机插水稻设计栽培系统设计试验对其进行验证。结果表明,机插常规粳稻和杂交粳稻的分蘖缺位叶龄数有所不同,机插常规粳稻分蘖缺位叶龄数为1.5叶,机插杂交粳稻分蘖缺位叶龄数为0.5叶;单穴移栽苗数对校正系数有显著影响,其中常规粳稻单穴3苗处理、杂交粳稻单穴2苗处理产量较高,因此确定常规粳稻矫正系数为1.5,杂交粳稻为1.0;2种类型水稻的分蘖发生率表现一致,均为0.8左右。验证结果表明,产量、产量构成指标与群体质量指标的平均值与设计值的偏差均在5%以内,验证了机插水稻基本苗计算参数的可靠性。该研究为机插稻精确定量基本苗提供技术支撑。

Based on the calculation of transplant rice,taking conventional japonica rice（Ningjing-3） and hybrid japonica rice（Changyou-1） as material,different planting density experiments were conducted to determine the parameters in planting density quantitative equation of machine-transplant rice.Then optimized cultivation program for machine-transplanting rice was designed using the machine-transplanting rice cultivation system and the designed leaf area index at heading,dry matter at maturity,harvest index,yield and yield components were compared with the measured values in the experiments.The results showed that missing tiller number of the machine-transplant conventional japonica rice and hybrid japonica rice was 1.5 and 0.5,respectively.Seedling number per hole significantly affected the adjusting factor in plant density quantitative equation.Highest yield was obtained for conventional japonica rice with 3 seedlings per hole and for hybrid japonica rice with 2 seedlings per hole,respectively.Thus,the adjusting factor was set to be 1.5 for conventional japonica rice and 1.0 for hybrid japonica rice.The tiller emerging rates after transplanting were 0.8 for both conventional and hybrid japonica rice.The comparison showed that the deviation between designed and average measured values was less than 5%,which verified the reliability of parameters in planting density quantitative equation for machine-transplanted rice.This research provides a technology support for accurately determining planting density for machine-transplant rice.