机械排烟与水喷淋对淮南某电影厅火灾人员疏散影响的模拟研究

Simulation Research on Influences of Mechanical Smoke Exhaust and Water Spray on Personnel Evacuation in Fire of a Movie Hall in Huainan

作为人们休闲生活的重要场所,电影厅内人员集中、内部装修和装饰使用大量易燃材料、电器设备线路复杂,存在不少安全隐患。电影厅火灾对人民群众的生命财产安全构成了重大威胁,本文借助FDS火灾模拟软件,建立了有无机械排烟、有无水喷淋装置共4种工况的模型,对淮南某电影厅火灾时的烟气运移规律和温度变化情况进行了模拟。分析模拟结果可知,机械排烟设施对火灾烟气控制有一定的效果,水喷淋装置对抑制火灾与烟气的蔓延效果更为显著,机械排烟设施与水喷淋装置共同作用可有效抑制烟气的扩散及温度的升高,延长逃生时间。同时,理论计算可知火灾发生时所需要的安全疏散时间为151.4 s。最后,在上述分析的基础上,提出了有效的防火设计方案,为此类公共场所的消防管理决策提供有力依据。

As an important place for leisure life,movie halls have many potential safety hazards due to the crowded people,the flammable materials for interior decoration and ornament,and the complex electric equipment layout.The fire of the movie hall is a great threat to the life and property of the public.In this paper,in order to simulate the smoke movement properties and temperature variation trends in the fire of a movie hall in Huainan,models for four working conditions were established by means of FDS fire simulation software,including with/without mechanical smoke exhaust facility,with/without water spray device.The simulation results shown that mechanical smoke exhaust facility had certain effect on controlling the fire smoke,water spray device had more prominent effect on inhibiting the spreading of fire and smoke,the function of mechanical smoke exhaust facility combined with water spray device could effectively inhibit smoke spreading and temperature rise,and prolong escape time.At the same time,the theoretical calculation indicated that the required safety evacuation time in the fire was 151.4 s.Finally,on the basis of aforesaid analysis,the effective fire prevention design scheme was proposed,and powerful basis for the firefighting management decision-making in such public place was provided.