从“幻影”到“器官”：胡塞尔C手稿中的身体构造学说

From“Phantom”to“Organ”:The Body Constitution Theory in Husserl's Manuscript C

自梅洛-庞蒂在《知觉现象学》中对身体所作的卓越分析以来，身体已经成为现象学研究中的核心概念之一。今天，它已经越出了它所从出的领域，正在为人文科学、社会科学乃至自然科学带来新的视角，注入新的动力，例如，我们既可以看到以现象学意义上的身体概念为基础或受其启发而出现的具身心理学、身体社会学、身体政治学、身体符号学、女性主义身体学、身体美学等学科，也可以看到现象学对身体的研究成果为精神病学、神经生理学、脑科学以及人工智能所借鉴或利用。

Due to the fact that the problem of body constitution is far higher than that of general object constitution in the respect of the degree of complexity and of difficulty,Husserl has put forward various theories of body constitution one after another in the time of Manuscript C,such as theory of capacity sedimentation,that of kinesthetic constitution,of psychic foundation,of intentionally direct constitution etc..Based upon Husserl's transcendental reduction and monadology,this paper disorganizes the chronological order of those constitution theories and reconstructs the general theory of body constitution within Husserl's thinking frame,which means that a monad employs its own capacity of 'direction' and character of kinesthesia to constitute its own body out of 'phantom' and at the same time constitute the body of the other through 'pairing' or 'empathy',so as to enter intersubjectivity and the time of higher order.In the end of this paper the writer makes an effort to put forward a concept of 'body of higher order'.