高风险重金属污染土壤识别研究方法综述

Identification Methods of Soil Pollution for High Risk Heavy Metals:A Review

高风险的重金属污染土壤的识别和探测是土壤健康风险评价及管理的基础,也是有效控制土壤污染、保障环境安全和农业可持续发展的重要前提。本文综述了高风险重金属污染土壤识别的方法及各自优缺点,主要包括元素剖面分布对比、与环境标准和背景值对比、同位素示踪、探索性统计分析、GIS制图和空间分析、多元统计分析、地统计学、空间统计分析和高精度曲面建模方法。将高精度曲面建模(HASM)与GIS空间分析、多元统计分析以及空间统计分析相结合,不仅可为土壤和土地资源普查和污染调查提供方法和理论上的借鉴,而且还可直接为土壤污染现状评价和风险管理、区域环境质量改善和土地利用规划等提供科学依据,是未来高风险重金属污染土壤识别研究的重要方向之一。

The identification and detection for soil heavy metal pollution with high risk is the foundation of risk evaluation and management for soil health,and it is also the important premise of soil pollution control,environmental security insurance and agricultural sustainable agricultural development.This paper reviewed the methods of identification and detection for soil heavy metal pollution with high risk and introduced their advantages and disadvantages.The methods included exploratory statistical analysis,element distribution comparison in soil profile,comparison with environmental criterion or background of soil heavy metals,isotopic tracer.GIS and spatial analysis,multiple statistical analysis,geostatistics and spatial statistical analysis.Combining high accuray surface modeling with spatial analysis in GIS,multiple statistical analysis and spatial statistical analysis,can not only be helpful for providing the metliods for soil and land resource investigation,but also be for supporting soil pollution evaluation, risk management,regional environment quality improving,land use plan,and agriculture and urban development.