草类对重金属胁迫的生理生化响应机制

Response of physiology and biochemistry of grasses to heavy metal stress

随着我国工业化进程不断加快,作为工业化基本生产资料的重金属不断被释放到生物圈中,并通过食物链传递给动物或人,给人类健康带来严重危害。草类分布广泛,有一定的抵抗能力,一些草类甚至还具有重金属超富集能力,在生物修复中发挥重要作用。本文就重金属胁迫对草类种子萌发、根系活力和生物量方面的影响以及草类的抗性机制(脯氨酸、抗氧化酶系统、谷胱甘肽、隔离、菌根和水杨酸)等研究现状进行论述,并阐明草类对重金属镉、锌、铜、铬、铅和汞的富集效应及其耐性机制,以期为今后草类耐重金属胁迫品种的选育和耐重金属胁迫分子机制的研究,提供现实依据和理论基础。

With the rapid development of industrialization in China,heavy metals,the basic production materials of industrialization,are constantly released into the biosphere and then are transferred to animals and humans through the food chain,which is harmful to the health of human being.Grasses distributes widely and are resistant to heavy mentals,some of which are hyperaccumulator of heavy mentals.This study summarized the advance in heavy metals influencing germination rate,biomass,root activity stress of grasses and their resistance mechanisms,including proline,antioxidant enzymes,glutathione,isolation,mycorrhiza and salicylic acid.The response mechanisms of Hyperaccumulator grasses to several important heavy metals（Cd,Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb and Hg） were also clarified in this study.Lastly,this study proposed the important fields and direction of resistance metabolism in the future.