高羊茅雄性不育株花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为观察

Meiosis and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cells in male-sterile plant of Festuca arundinacea

采用卡宝品红染色制片法,对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)雄性不育植株花粉母细胞减数分裂过程及异常行为进行观察,结果发现,高羊茅减数分裂进程与小花大小、花药长度、色泽有较为密切的关系。减数分裂周期具有不同步性,同一制片中可观察到2～4个不同时期的分裂相,这种现象是高羊茅在进化过程中环境适应的一种表现,有利于增强种群繁殖稳定性。本研究还发现,减数分裂过程中存在大量单价体、染色体桥、落后染色体、不均等分离、微核、三分体等异常现象,初步分析确定这些小孢子异常分裂是导致高羊茅花粉败育的重要原因之一。

The meiosis process and abnormal behavior of pollen mother cells（PMCs） in tall fescues（Festuca arundinacea） were observed with carbol fuchsin staining.The results of this study showed that the meiosis process of tall fescues was closely correlated with the floret size,anther length and color.The meiotic cycle asynchrony was founded and two to four different division phases were observed in the same slice production,which was an evolutional behavior of adaptation of tall fescue to the condition,benefiting to increased stability of population reproduction.Abnormal chromosome behaviors were observed in PMCs from tall fescue,including a mass of univalent,chromosome bridges,laggard chromosomes,unequal supranational chromosomes,micronucleus and triad,which was possible reasons resulted in abortive pollen of tall fescue.