长沙城市湿地植物多样性研究

Study of vegetation diversity of Changsha urban wetland

以长沙市辖五区及周边郊区10km范围内湿地为研究对象,对不同湿地类型植物物种多样性及其变化特征进行了分析,根据不同湿地类型中植物种组成,探讨了植物种在湿地中的分布及定居特点。研究表明,长沙市不同湿地类型中主要有芦苇(Phragmites australis)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、菱(Trapa bispinosa)、野艾蒿(Artemis-ia lavandulaefolia)、问荆(Equisetum arvense)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)等20个植物群落;植被类型以草本群落为主,并且主要为二年或多年生植物,共有24种,其次有14种一年生草本,而灌木与乔木等木本植物分布较少;不同湿地类型植物种丰富度差异不大,植物种丰富度最高为23个种,其中特有种只有5个。从河流湿地到沟渠,种多样性指数变化没有明显规律,Simp-son指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最大的是沟渠,分别为18.08和3.75,其次是山塘水库;Pielou均匀度指数表现出与多样性指数大体一致的状况,沟渠>山塘>河流>湖泊>景观水面。

Investigation of plant species diversity and the changing characteristics in different types of Changsha urban wetland was performed.We also examined the distribution of different types of wetland vegetations.The result of this study showed that there are 20 plant communities in Changsha urban wetland including Phragmites australi,Acorus calamus,Trapa bispinosa,Artemisia lavandulaefolia,Equisetum arvense,Xanthium sibiricum,Erigeron annuus,Alternanthera philoxeroides,etc.The herb community is the mainly vegetation type.There are 24 types of perennial plants.Among them,14 types are annual herbs,and shrubs and trees are few.The difference of vegetation diversity in different wetlands is small.The wetland which had the highest species richness contained 23 species and only five of them are endemic species.Although we get some results,there are some influencing factors,such as human activities interfering,urban population distribution,land-use patterns and distance of wetlands to urban core,need to be considered,to get a better conclusion.