J.K.芬奇的古典工程兴衰思想初探

Studies on James Kip Finch's Thought of Rise and Decline in Ancient Engineering

以工程文化的视角,即制约工程的社会规范、工程科技和工程价值的角度,从封闭和开放的体制,重理轻匠和重工轻理的价值取向等方面,分析芬奇的古典工程兴衰思想,能概括出古埃及的"封闭保守的法老王朝与简单机械的奇迹",古希腊的"开放自由的城邦制度与重理轻匠价值取向"和古罗马的"横征暴敛的帝国统治与重工轻理价值取向"等特质的工程文化兴衰史,这对分析我国古代工程历史有重要的启发意义。

From the perspective of engineering culture,which refers to social norm,engineering science and technology,as well as engineering value,this paper analyses James Kip Finch＇s thought of rise and decline in ancient engineering from the close and open system,and the value orientations of attaching more importance to science while less to craftsman,and also more importance to engineering while less to science.This period of engineering cultural history can be summarized as three characteristics,which are ancient Egyptian ＂conservative pharaoh dynasty and simple mechanical miracle＂,ancient Greek ＂open and free city-state system and more scientific and less craftsmanlike value orientation＂,and ancient Roman ＂ruthless extorting empire and more engineering and less scientific value orientation＂.This research is of great enlightening significance for analysis of ancient engineering history in China.