商洛山区人工油松群落物种多样性与环境因子关系研究

Coupling Relationship between Species Diversity of Planted Chinese Pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) Communities and Environment Factors in Mountain Area of Shangluo

在陕西省商洛山区人工油松群落分布集中的地段设置16个样地,对其分布的乔木、灌木和草本植物进行了调查,并对样地附近土壤理化指标进行了测定;采用α多样性指数对研究区域的物种多样性进行测度,并分析了12个环境因子与3个物种多样性指数的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区群落样地共记录植物48科84属95种,油松林下灌草组成丰富,分布较广的物种有木兰科、菊科、蔷薇科、百合科和莎草科,群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数计算结果与Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数的变化趋势基本一致。(2)群落Margalef丰富度指数与年龄的二项式回归达显著水平(P=0.023 7)、与20～40cm土壤速效N含量的二项式回归达极显著水平(P=0.003 3);Pielou均匀度指数与0～20cm土壤pH值二项式回归达显著水平(P=0.014 4);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与标准化坡向的直线回归达显著水平(P=0.049 6)、与40～60cm土壤pH值的二项式回归达显著水平(P=0.029 0)。研究表明,该群落物种多样性主要受年龄、土壤速效N、坡向、以及土壤pH值影响。

16 samples of the planted Chinese Pine communities in mountain area of Shangluo,Shaanxi Prov- ince were set to invest the trees shrubs and herb and test soil characteristics near the Samples. The a diver- sity index was used to estimate biodiversity of research areas,and to study the relationship between 12 en- vironmental factors and 3 diversity indices. Results indicated that： （1）The community samples record 48 families 84 genera and 95 species of plants. The kinds of shrubs and herb under Chinese Pine communities are richness. The wide distribution species contain Magnoliaceae, Compositae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae and Cyperaceae. The Calculation results of Shannon-Wiener index are almost same as the change trend of Mar- galef index and Pielou index. （2）Margalef index was significantly correlative to age （P=0. 023 7） and 20- 40 cm soil available nitrogen （P=0. 003 3） ,Pielou index was significantly correlative to 0-20 cm soil pH （P=0. 014 4） ,Shannon-Wiener index was significantly correlative to standard slope and 40-60 cm soil pH （P=0. 049 6,P=0. 029 0）. It can be concluded that the species diversity was mainly influenced by age,a- vailable nitrogen, aspect, and pH.