南大洋物理过程在全球气候系统中的作用

The Role of the Southern Ocean Physical Processes in Global Climate System

南大洋是全球面积最大的一个大洋。传统观点倾向于认为由于南大洋与北半球相距遥远而与北半球气候系统关系不大,其全球性气候效应也较弱,这主要是由于以往对南大洋的了解不足。随着观测分析、数值模拟与理论研究的加强,以及对南大洋的认识不断加深,南大洋的气候效应日益凸显。从南极底层水、南极绕极流、南大洋海冰、南大洋与热带之间的遥相关、以及南大洋对气候变化的响应等多个角度梳理了南大洋物理过程特别是动力过程在全球气候系统中的作用,较为完整地总结了对南大洋气候效应的已有认识,并结合南大洋研究现状对未来有价值的科学问题和潜在的研究热点进行了探讨,以期强调南大洋在全球气候系统中的重要地位,推动南大洋研究不断走向深入。

The Southern Ocean（SO） is the largest ocean in the world.Due to the lack of understanding,traditional viewpoints tend to consider that the SO has little relationship with the climate of the Northern Hemisphere（NH） and thus very weak global climatic impacts because it appears too far away from the NH.With the improvement of observational analyses,numerical simulations and theoretical investigations,and our increasing knowledge about the SO,world-wide climatic impacts of the SO have gradually become prominent.In this paper,we review the role of SO physical processes especially dynamic processes in global climate system by discussing the influences of the Antarctic Bottom Water,the Antarctic Circumpolar Current,sea ice in the SO,and Antarctic-tropics teleconnections as well as the response of the SO to global warming.We try to completely summarize the understandings of the SO′s climatic impacts.Additionally,based on the research level of the SO,some valuable scientific issues and potential research topics in future studies are also discussed in order to emphasize the role of the SO in global climate and push the study of the SO to move forward.