湿地地表水-地下水交互作用的研究综述

Review of Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in Wetland

湿地地表水—地下水之间的水量与水质交互作用是影响湿地水文过程及其生态环境效应的重要机制。从湿地地表水—地下水交互作用的内涵、影响因素、界面效应及其研究方法与模型等5个方面,归纳总结了国内外相关的研究成果。分析认为:湿地地表水—地下水交互作用受到地质/水文地质条件与水文情势共同控制,对未来变化环境尤其是气候变化的响应机制是其影响因素研究关注的焦点,在此背景下物理—化学—生物多层次环境界面之间的"激励—响应"更加显著,将成为理解湿地—地下水交互作用过程及其环境反馈的重要内容。结合多学科交叉理论与方法,利用不同界面特征的响应变化反馈指示湿地地表水—地下水交互作用是未来研究方法发展与创新的基本思路。结合湿地水文特性整合不同尺度的数据信息、耦合交互过程的不同机制等是模型构建的关键科学问题,实现交互作用过程中的地表水—地下水耦合、水量—水质联合模拟是模型研究的发展趋势。

Surface Water-Ground Water（SW-GW） interactions constitute an important link in wetland hydrologic processes,and consequently are of significance for eco-environmental evolution.Thus the interaction has important implications for the effective protection and management of the high environmental values usually attached to wetland habits.This article reviews the current knowledge of the SW-GW interactions and the mechanisms,impact factors,interfaces effects,analysis methodologies and numerical models are synthesized and exemplified.The key findings are as follow： the SW-GW interactions are controlled by both the basic geological/hydro-geological conditions and the variations of hydrological regimes.However,its responses to the changing world should be emphasized in future due to the high sensitivity.Changes in global climate are expected to have impacts on hydrological and water supply regimes,which will in turn impose additional pressures on wetland.Subsequently the interactions among multi-interfaces integrating physical,chemical and biological processes will be enhanced for better understanding under changing conditions,and it is supposed to be counteractive to the SW-GW system extensively indeed.Concerted efforts from multidisciplinary approaches must be encouraged to elucidate the different interfaces effects,which help to understand the eco-environmental response to SW-GW interactions and provide insight into the research methodologies in return,because the interfaces effects display a function of fingerprinting to the characteristics of the interactions.Finally,the SW-GW interactions models are reviewed,and it is important to note that the models of SW-GW interactions coupling the water quantity and quality should be constructed based upon the understanding of hydrologic characteristics in wetland.To identify the information on different scales,coupling several mechanisms and verifying the parameters in the model are the key points in future study.Overall,the SW-GW interactions strongly influence the spatial/ temporal availability of the water resources and the structure/ function of the wetland ecosystem.Therefore,further study will be necessary to help water resources managers to deal with such issues as fiood mitigation,groundwater exploitation,and biodiversity conservation in a more integrated and sustainable manner.