论法院对基本权利的保护

Protection of Basic Rights through Courts

为公民基本权利提供保护,是现代国家合法性的重要来源。普通法院在基本权利保护中发挥着重要作用。德国虽然设立了宪法法院,但保护公民基本权利的职责仍主要由其他法院承担。在没有设立宪法法院的国家,通过普通法院更是为基本权利提供司法保护的唯一途径。我国法院应当通过三种方式为基本权利提供司法保护:如果法律有保护基本权利的具体规定,法院应当直接适用法律;如果法律对基本权利的保护只作了抽象规定,法院应当对有关抽象立法进行合宪解释之后予以适用;如果法律没有作出保护基本权利的任何规定,法院可以直接适用宪法的基本权利条款。

The legitimacy of modern states depends to a great extent on the protection of citizens' rights,especially basic rights.The judiciary plays an important role thereby.In countries where a constitutional court and other courts coexist,the constitutional court is not the only institution that protects basic rights. Instead,common courts protect basic rights before the constitutional court is involved.In countries without a constitutional court,the judicial protection of basic rights is completely implemented by common courts in the following three ways: through the application of concrete legislation;through application of abstract legislation interpreted in line with the constitution;and through the direct application of basic rights when there is neither concrete nor abstract legislation protecting basic rights.