美国与新大国协调机制的构建:以七国集团为视角

The Construction of a Mechanism for Coordinating Relations between the United States and New Great Powers:Perspectives from the G-7

新大国协调继承了传统大国协调通过外交会议、协商来决策的方式,治理领域由传统的军事安全扩展到经济、政治、社会和环境等多个领域。从新大国协调的起源看,美国作为西方世界最强大的国家开始起领导作用。本文通过考察"七国集团"的治理结构,发现美国领导下的多国合作是新大国协调最有意义的制度创新。这种一国领导、多国合作的特点不同于历史上的传统大国协调的治理体制,是一种新型的国际多边安全治理机制。由于这种领导的存在,新大国协调产生了明显的治理效果,主要包括:形成美国意志主导下的大国共同立场、应对国际危机的大国集体反应、其他大国对美国身份的认可以及美国对其他大国分配治理任务。

Coordination between new great powers follows that by traditional powers in the use of diplomatic meetings, and policy formation through negotiations. Governance has expanded from a traditional focus on military security to economics, politics, society and the environment. From the vantage point of new great powers, as the most powerful state in the Western world, America plays a leadership role. Analysis of the governance structure of the G-7 shows that from the vantage point of new great powers, the most important institutional innovation is multi-state cooperation under U. S. leadership. The characteristics of this type of multi-state cooperation lead by one state are different from governance institutions which historically coordinated between traditional great powers, and represent a new type of international multi-lateral security governance mechanism. Because of the presence of such a leader, coordination between new great powers clearly offers efficient governance, including, common positions of great powers crafted by Ameri- can will and leadership~ collective responses of great powers to international crises; the recogflition of America＇s position on the part of other great powers the assignment of governance tasks by the U.S. to other great powers.