基于东北漫岗黑土区坡耕地沟蚀防治的防护林带布局优化

Optimization of shelterbelt distribution for the gully erosion control of cultivated slope land in rolling hill black soil region of Northeast China

防护林带体系是东北漫岗黑土区坡耕地的重要组成部分,对坡耕地上侵蚀沟的发生、发展具有重要影响.本文以黑龙江省鹤山农场典型小流域为研究对象,基于Quickbird高精度遥感影像和数字高程模型,结合实地调查结果,分析防护林带分布对坡耕地侵蚀沟发生、发展的影响,并根据坡耕地沟蚀特点及其与防护林带分布的相关关系,提出防护林带分布的优化方案.结果表明:当前不合理的防护林带布局,直接或间接地促进了坡耕地浅沟和切沟的发生和发展.优化方案包括:调整防护林带走向为横坡林带,加强林带维护和更新,以减少林带间断,增加林带条数,减小林带间距等,同时提出了坡面林带条数和林带间距的计算方法.研究结果可为典型漫岗黑土区坡耕地的沟蚀防治和防护林带规划提供科学依据.

Shelterbelt system is one of the main components of cultivated slope land in rolling hill black soil region of Northeast China,which plays an important role in the control of gully erosion.Based on the Quickbird high-resolution remote sensing image and the digital elevation model（DEM）,and combining with field survey data,this paper analyzed the effects of shelterbelt system in a small watershed of rolling hill black soil region in Heshan Farm of Heilongjiang Province on the control of gully erosion in the cultivated slope land,and put forward an optimized scheme for gully erosion control based on the features of gully erosion in the cultivated slope land and their relations with the distribution of the shelterbelt system.In the study area,the current distribution of the shelterbelt system promoted the occurrence and development of shallow gully and gully directly and indirectly.The proposed scheme for optimizing the distribution of the present shelterbelts included the adjustment of the direction of the shelterbelt perpendicular to the aspect of slope,the enhancement of the maintenance and regeneration of the shelterbelts to reduce the gaps of the shelterbelts,the increase of the shelterbelt number,and the decrease of the distances between shelterbelts.A method for calculating the shelterbelt number and the distances between the shelterbelts was also given.This study could provide scientific basis for the gully erosion control and the shelterbelts programming in the cultivated slope land of rolling hill black soil region.