大型企业市场链管理模式研究

Study on Large Enterprises' Market Chain Management Mode

市场链是大型企业业务组织单元和经营规模扩张到一定程度,其组织管理的边际交易成本超过了边际规模效率时而生成的一种新的管理模式。与一般的企业内部市场化不同,市场链是一种贯穿于企业运营全过程的整体性、流程式交易机制,它将企业内部不同部门、上下流程、上下工序和岗位之间的业务关系,构造成为通过内部市场价格机制调节的相互咬合、无缝链接、环环相扣的扁平化链状交易流程,以此实现对每一个利益主体的有效激励与约束,达到企业运营效应的整体优化。企业内部市场链是基于一体化业务流程的连续性、关联性而建立起来的在固定对象之间展开的确定性、重复性、高度专用性特质交易,按照高度专用性交易的强度,可以将市场链交易关系划分为不同类型,从而形成市场链的特质交易结构。与不同交易关系类型相适应的契约结构安排以及保障措施,不断地巩固和强化着市场链流程的特质交易关系。市场链管理模式有效克服了在信息不对称情形下企业基层组织和个人的动力不足与机会主义行为,极大地降低了企业内部的交易费用,从而能够强有力地推动大型企业超越"规模陷阱"、在持续发展中提高管理与运营效率。

Market chain is a new management mode which is built when business unit of large enterprise and its operating scale expands to the extent that marginal transaction cost exceeds marginal benefit of organization management.Different with common enterprise internal marketization,market chain is the holistic and process transaction mechanism that goes through the whole operating process.It rebuilds internal business relationships among different divisions,processes,work stages and positions into seamlessly and tightly linked transaction process,which is flat and chain-like.As the result,every interest subject in large enterprise is effectively incented and restricted so as to achieve the holistic optimization of operating efficiency.The enterprise internal market chain is specific transaction with characteristic of certainty,repeatability and highly specificity,which is set up based on the continuity and relevance of integrated business process and developed among fixed objects.According to the strength of the transaction with high specificity,transaction relationships of market chain can be divided into different types,accordingly form the specialty transaction structure of the market chain.The arrangement of contract structure and supporting measures in accordance with types of transaction relationship consolidate and strengthen the specific transaction relationship of market chain process continuously.By using market chain management mode,large enterprises effectively overcome shortages of the motive power and opportunism behavior of the primary-level organizations and individuals in case of information asymmetry,greatly reduce the internal transaction costs,thereby surmount ＂scale trap＂ and improve the management and operation efficiency along with sustainable development.