白洋淀鱼类体内多氯联苯积累特征及其毒性评价

Bioaccumulation and Toxicity Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Freshwater Fish from Baiyangdian Lake,North China

针对持久性有机污染物在水生生物体内易于积累的特性,利用气相色谱与质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,检测了白洋淀8种鱼类体内多氯联苯（PCBs）含量,并分析了同系物组成特征。根据白洋淀鱼类检测到同系物情况,计算毒性当量（TEQ）并进行评价。白洋淀8种鱼类体内PCBs平均含量范围是55.85~1 485.74 ng.g-1脂肪重,从高到低的顺序依次为黄颡〉黄鳝〉乌鳢〉泥鳅〉鲤鱼〉鳙鱼〉鲫鱼〉鲇鱼。在8种鱼类PCB同系物组成中,四氯联苯和五氯联苯是主要的同系物,其相对百分含量为52.0%~84.3%。这种组成模式反映了白洋淀地区有多氯联苯工业品的使用历史。8种鱼类体内PCBs的毒性当量（TEQ）范围是0.09~1 412.87 pg TEQ.g-1脂肪重,其大小顺序依次为鳙鱼〉鲫鱼〉鲇鱼〉黄颡〉黄鳝〉鲤鱼〉乌鳢〉泥鳅。结果表明,白洋淀淀区部分鱼类已经受到PCBs一定程度的污染,应引起重视。

Aquatic species easily accumulate persistent organic pollutants（POPs）.Bioaccumulation is important to transfer behaviors of POPs in tissues of aquatic species.Polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs） are typical POPs.The concentrations of PCBs in muscle of eight freshwater fish species from Baiyangdian Lake were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer（GC/MS）.The compositional patterns of PCB congeners were observed,and the toxic equivalent values（TEQs） were calculated for these freshwater fishes.The concentrations of PCBs in various fish species were in the range of 55.85~1 485.74 ng·g-1 lipid weight（lw）.The order of PCBs concentrations was as follow：yellow catfish（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）ricefield eel（Monopterus ablus）northern snakehead（Channa argus）loach（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）common carp（Cyprinus carpio）bighead carp（Aristichthys nobilis）crucian carp（Carassius auratus）oriental sheatfish（Parasilurus asotus）.PCB profiles were dominated by congeners of Tetra-CB and Penta-CB,which relative abundance accounted for 52.0%~84.3% of the total congener concentration.The compositional patterns indicated that regions around Baiyangdian Lake have been contaminated by PCBs commercial products used previously.The TEQs ranged from 0.10 to 1 412.90 pg TEQ·g-1 lipid weight.The highest and the lowest TEQs were observed for bighead carp（Aristichthys nobilis） and loach（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）,respectively.The results suggested that part of freshwater fish from Baiyangdian Lake were contaminated by PCBs to some extent.The residents and government should be pay attention to contamination of PCBs in this region.