海洛因戒断者对毒品的内隐态度和外显态度研究

Study on the Implicit Attitude and Explicit Attitude of Heroin Abstainers

目的了解海洛因戒断者对毒品的态度,探讨其对复吸行为的意义。方法分别采用内隐联想测验和自陈式量表对戒断者和普通人对毒品的内隐态度和外显态度状况及其关系进行研究。结果①戒断者内隐态度取向的IAT效应显著(t=14.096,P<0.001),其将毒品与积极的词联系的反应时短;②普通人内隐态度取向的IAT效应显著,其将毒品与消极词语联系的反应时短;③戒断者与普通人的外显态度没有显著差异(t=1.041,P>0.05);④内隐态度和外显态度的相关系数为0.003。结论戒断者与普通人各自存在不同的内隐效应,戒断者对毒品的内隐态度为肯定倾向,普通人对毒品的内隐态度为否定倾向;戒断者与普通人对毒品的外显态度一致均为否定倾向;戒断者的内隐态度和外显态度倾向分离;内隐态度和外显态度相互独立。

Objective To explore the attitude about drug of heroin abstainers.Methods Implicit attitude test and explicit attitude test were administered to heroin abstainers and general people.Implicit attitude was measured with IAT,and explicit attitude was measured with a self-made questionnaire.Results ①There were implicit attitude-differences of heroin abstainers（t=14.096,P〈0.001）.When the drugs were associated with the positive words,the response showed more quickly than with the negative words.②There were implicit attitude-differences of general people（t=13.855,P〈0.001）.When the drugs were associated with the negative words,the response showed more quickly than with the positive words.③The explicit attitude of heroin abstainers and general people had no differences（t=1.041,P〈0.05）.④The correlation coefficient of implicit attitude and explicit attitude was 0.003.Conclusion Heroin abstainers and general people have different implicit effect.There is no difference among explicit attitudes of these two kinds of participants.The tendency of implicit attitude and explicit attitude of heroin abstainers are in the opposite directions.Implicit attitude and explicit attitude are independent.