福岛核电站泄漏事故污染控制与消除的成与败

Success and Failure in Pollution Control and Elimination for Leakage Accident of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

因地震、海啸引发的福岛核电站泄漏事故产生的放射性污染至今仍在严重影响着日本民众的生命安全与正常生活,且污染有进一步扩大的威胁。纵观事故发生后日本采用的应急处置手段总体上是成功的,但受污染控制与消除技术缺乏等因素的制约,在污染控制与消除方面采取的措施不得力,致使蔬菜、牛奶和自来水受到了碘-131的污染,日本的进出口贸易与民众的生活受到了严重影响,身体健康受到了威胁。本文分析了日本在控制与消除核事故放射性污染方面的做法,并根据中国核事故应急救援技术发展现状,提出了更有利于减轻核事故危害、控制与消除核污染的技术与手段。

Fukushima nuclear radioactive leakage triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis still has serious impacts on the lives of Japanese people and their normal life.The pollution has the threat of further expansion.Generally speaking,the emergency measures adopted are successful.However,the lack of pollution control and elimination technologies caused negative consequence,resulting in pollution of vegetables,milk and water by I-131.The Japanese import and export as well as public health have been seriously affected and the life,physical health are being threatened.This paper analyzes the control and elimination of radioactive pollution in the Japanese nuclear accident.Based on China＇s nuclear emergency rescue technology,this paper tries to provide more conducive technologies and measure to nuclear hazards reduction,pollution control and nuclear pollution elimination.