乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的防治策略研究

Study on preventive strategy about the vertical transanisssion of hepatits B virus

乙型肝炎为全世界最常见且流行最广的传染病之一，而母婴传播又为其主要传播方式，这就使得母婴传播的防治在乙型肝炎的相关研究中占据了重要地位。近几年来的研究，尤其是主动被动联合免疫的提出与实行，使得HBV母婴传播的防治发生了质的飞跃。然而，HBV母婴传播的防治仍存在很多尚未解决的问题，包括妊娠晚期抗病毒治疗的安全性评价、治疗的最佳开始时间及持续时间、不同分娩方式的选择及母乳喂养与配方奶粉喂养是否会影响母婴传播的发生率等。目前的研究尚不足以用来制定最终的防治决策。此文主要就HBV母婴传播的发生机制及如今比较热门的母婴传播防治的相关措施进行简要的分析讨论。

As one of the world＇s most frequent contagious diseases, hepatitis B is also one of the world＇s most spreaded diseases. Since vertical transmission appears to be the principle transmission method of HBV in human beings, it turns out to be a goal of great significance to explore the measures and strategies to block the perinatal HBV transmission. Recently, the active and passive immunoprephylaxis have reduced the perinatal, or vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus （HBV） dramatically. Although a lot of researches have been done, many problems still remain unclear to us, such as the problem of the safety, the optional timing and duration of antivirus therapy in pregnancy, whether the mode of delivery would affect the rate of HBV infection at birth, whether the breast fed or formula-fed would show any impact on vertical transmission rate etc. All of the problems mentioned upon have been considered already, yet the data related is fairly not enough for any final decisions. This article mainly concentrates on the mechanisms of vertical transmission of HBV and discusses about these hot measures undergoing or under-considering for therapy in pregnancy so far.