数字减灾系统

Digital disaster reduction system

自然灾害是人类可持续发展过程中面临的挑战。本文首先澄清了自然灾害与灾象的概念，分析了当代自然灾害产生的特征，结合计算机技术的发展和人类对自然灾害的认识，提出了建设数字减灾系统的设想。数字减灾系统是一种以遥感技术、地理信息系统、全球定位系统、网络技术等作为主要技术支撑，用数学和物理模型通过多维虚拟现实技术研究灾象成因、发生机理、传播规律和作用于人类环境形成自然灾害全过程的信息化的计算机系统，它既可用于为人类和社会对灾害作出反应，进行防震减灾行为和制订决策的一种系统，也可以直接用于研究灾害本身，包括灾害形成及其防御的各个环节。作为今后防灾减灾领域的一个重要发展方向，数字减灾系统具有满足社会和经济发展急需，对科学发展的推动作用大，科学创新点明确，内涵丰富，技术路线可行而且具有高起点、高效率的特点。

Natural disaster is one of the major cha1lenges to the world during the Twenty-firstCentury for sustainable development of society. in this paper, the concept of Digital DisasterReduction System (DDRS) is presented. Based on the advanced computer technology and un-derstanding of natural disaster, the frame of digital disaster reduction system (DDRS) is des-cribed. DDRS is constituted by integrating of computer hardware and software, supported bythe remote sensing, global positioning system and geographic information system, web technolo-gy,viftual reality, with rational mathematical and physical models of disasters as the core ofthe system to simulate the who1e process of natural disaster. The proposed DDRS could beapplied not only for disaster prevention and reduction, but also being a powerful tool forstudy of natural disaster itself.