河北省0～6岁儿童先天性心脏病发病情况及其危险因素调查

Congenital heart disease among children aged 0 to 6 in Hebei Province

目的:了解河北省0～6岁儿童先天性心脏病现状及其可能危险因素,探索有效的预防措施。方法:利用2003～2008年河北省0～6岁儿童出生缺陷调查资料进行回顾性分析。结果:患儿共5713例,发病率为12.39/万,2006年与2007年先天性心脏病发病率(13.29/万、14.07/万)高于6年平均发病率(P<0.05);2003～2008年先天性心脏病发病率秦皇岛、石家庄、廊坊、邢台等地低于全省平均发病率,邯郸、张家口、唐山、承德等地高于全省平均发病率(P<0.05);男性发病率(12.68/万)和女性发病率(12.06/万)无统计学差异(χ2=3.49,P>0.05),多孩先天性心脏病发病率(14.51/万)高于一孩先心病发病率(12.10/万)(χ2=44.164,P<0.05)。先天性心脏病发病例数城镇和乡村分别为963例和4750例,平原和山区分别为4062例和1651例。结论:河北省0～6岁儿童先天性心脏病在不同地区、不同孩次之间发生情况各不相同,建议通过加强对先天性心脏病危险因素的宣传,进一步有针对性地制定完善的出生缺陷一级预防措施,以预防和减少先天性心脏病的发生。

Objective：To explore the status and high risk factors of congenital heart disease of children in Hebei province,and so as to reduce the incidence rate by effective intervention measures.Methods：The data of congenital heart disease among children aged 0 to 6 in Hebei province from January 2003 to December 2008 were analyzed.Results：A total of 4 611 808 children were investigated,in which 5 713 children with congenital heart disease,and the incidence rate was 12.39/10 000.The incidence rate of congenital heart disease in 2006 and 2007 （13.29/10 000,14.07/10 000） was higher than the average incidonce tate of 2003 to 2008（P0.05）.Lower incidence rates were found in Qinhuangdao,Shijiazhuang,Langfang and Xingtai,while higher incidence rates were found in Handan,Zhangjiakou,Tangshan and Chengde when compared with the average incidence rate （P0.05）.There was no significant difference between different genders （χ=3.49,P0.05）,but significant difference between birth orders was found （χ=44.164,P0.05）.A total of 963 and 4 750 children with congenital heart disease were found in the city/town and countryside,and 4 062 and 1 651 in the plain and mountain areas,respectively.Conclusion：The incidence rates of congenital heart disease among children aged 0 to 6 in Hebei Province are inconsistent in different areas and birth orders.Environmental factor and genetic factor are the main risk factors.It is suggested that the incidence rate of congenital heart disease could be reduced by promoting primary prevention of birth defects.