试论农牧结合与中国农业的可持续发展

INTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF THE CROP AND LIVESTOCK AS WELL AS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

通过对农牧结合在中国农业可持续发展中的作用的分析．认为农牧结合是实现农业可持续发展目标的可靠保证：①有利于保障食物安全；②有利于提高资源利用率；③有利于稳定并提高地力；④有利于增加农民收入．促进农村经济综合发展。提出农牧结合的中心问题就是要围绕饲料供需矛盾．探讨解决饲料问题的途径．主要对策是：①将饲料作物纳入种植制度．实行三元种植结构；②利用农业副产品开发饲料资源；③对畜群结构进行适当调整、发展草食性动物。

Crop and livestock integrated production (CLIP) is a reliable approach to achieve the goals of sustainable agriculture and rural development (SARD). By analyzing the roles of CLIP in SARD in China. we considered that CLIP had more than four advantages. those are ① Help to ensure food safety; ② Favorable to enhance resources use efficiency, ③ Favorable to maintain and to improve production ability of arable land; ④ Beneficial to raise farmers' income and to promote rural economic development. Moreover. this paper also puts forward a proposal that the key issue of CLIP is to probe into the way of solving feed problem. with center on the contradiction of feed demand and supply. The primary strategy of crop and livestock integrated development will be: Firstly. put feed crops on cropping system. and put into practice three-element plant model which contains cereal crop. cash crop and feed crop as proper ration. Secondly. to exploit feed resource by use of agricultural residue. Thirdly. to adjust livestock and herd structure appropriately and to develop herbivorous animals.