我国部分省市初中生防灾素养调查研究

Research on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Literacy of Junior Middle School Students in China

为了解我国初中生防灾素养水平,找出制约其防灾素养提升的关键因素,总结一般问题,并提出相应策略,分别选取了经济发展程度相对较高的北京、上海、天津、广东、福建及黑龙江6个省市的初中各年级学生作为调查对象,回收有效问卷7 313份(发放10 000份)。调查发现,我国初中生防灾素养总体水平偏低,初中生大多具有正向积极的防灾态度,防灾态度维度得分高于防灾技能,防灾知识维度最低。但这只能看作全国较高水平,而不能看作一般水平,真实情况可能更令人堪忧。针对此情况,提出要针对学生年龄及心理特点开展课程开发相关研究,以期促进灾害教育的开展与学生防灾素养的提升。

The school is the best place to implement disaster education.There is no survey research on disaster prevention and mitigation literacy of junior middle school students until now.In order to understand the disaster prevention literacy of junior high school students in China,to find key factors of restricting the upgrading of disaster prevention literacy,summary of the problems,and propose appropriate strategies,junior high school students of each grade in 6 provinces and cities as Beijing,Heilongjiang,Tianjin,Fujian,Shanghai and Guangdong where level of economic development is relatively high,are investigated and a total of 7 313 valid questionnaires are collected（issued 10 000 copies）.The investigation shows that the overall disaster prevention literacy of junior middle school students in China is low.The most of junior middle school students have positive attitude to disaster prevention and their dimensional scores of disaster prevention attitude are higher than that of disaster prevention skills.The dimensional score of knowledge on disaster prevention is the lowest.But this can only be seen as higher national level and cannot be seen as a general level.The truth may be more worrying.For this,it is proposed that the curriculum development should be studied according to different ages and psychological characteristics of the students for improving disaster knowledge education and enhancing disaster prevention literacy of the students.