知识产权贸易壁垒的实质及国际政治经济学分析

Analysis of the International Political and Economic Origin of the Formation of IPBT

随着知识经济和经济全球化的快速发展,知识产权已经成为一种重要的国际贸易壁垒。知识产权贸易壁垒的形成有着深刻的国际政治经济根源:知识经济的发展使国际贸易日益呈现出知识化的发展趋势,而国际贸易的知识化导致贸易壁垒的知识产权化;美国霸权趋于衰落,为了维持霸权地位,美国试图运用自身的知识产权优势打压和遏制新兴国家崛起,以延缓霸权的衰落;由于世界上大多数的知识产权被发达国家的跨国公司所占有,因此,发达国家跨国公司在知识产权贸易壁垒的形成中发挥着重要作用;发达国家与发展中国家之间一直存在国际经济秩序的斗争,在知识经济时代,发达国家开始利用知识产权作为工具实现新的垄断,维护其对发展中国家的剥削和优势地位。

Along with the fast development of intellectual economics and economic globalization, the intellectual property barriers to trade （IPBT） have already become an important kind of international trade barriers. There exist profound international political and economic roots in the formation of IPBT. This article is intended for exploring from four aspects. Firstly, the development of intellectual economics causes the international trade to develop on the basis of knowledge and in turn results in the IPBT; Secondly, in order to maintain the hegemonic status, US attempts to utilize its superiority in intellectual property rights to press and restrain the emerging country＇ s rising ; Thirdly, the majority of intellectual property rights are held by the multinational corporations from developed countries, therefore, the multinational corporations are playing a vital role in the formation of IPBT; Fourthly, in the age of intellectual economics, the developed country starts using the intellectual property fights to realize the new monopoly and maintains their exploitation and the superiority status on the developing countries.