综合医院老年患者谵妄的临床特点及诊治

Clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with delirium in general hospital

谵妄是意识障碍的一种,临床以意识、定向力、记忆力、思维、感知和行为发生紊乱为特征,急性起病,呈波动性病程。可见于各种躯体疾病,尤其是老年人。临床上识别谵妄并不容易,常被误诊为痴呆或其他精神科疾病,目前有很多量表帮助非精神科专业人员识别谵妄,从而及早请精神科医师会诊,利于早期诊断和早期治疗。尚没有被批准用于谵妄的治疗药物,但是临床实践中结合药物治疗、病因治疗及环境支持治疗,能够在一定程度上缓解谵妄,降低死亡率。

Delirium is a mental disorder characterized by disturbances in consciousness, orientation, memory thought,perception,and behavior, acute onset and fluctuating course. Delirium can occur in a variety of physical diseases, especially the elderly. Despite its clinical importance, delirium is often not detected or it s misdiagnosed as dementia or other psychiatric illness. There are many scales to help non - psychiatric professionals improve detection and diagnosis, and consult psychiatrist as soon as possible. There are no approved drugs for the treatment of delirium, but the combination of drug therapy, etiological treatment, supportive treatment can help the patients, and reduce the mortality