摘要
In view of the problem that the requirements of travel demand management and traffic policy-sensitivity are ignored during the establishment process of the travel demand forecasting model, a discrete-choice-based travel demand forecasting model is proposed to demonstrate its applicability to travel demand management. A car-bus discrete choice model is established, including three variables, i. e,, individual socioeconomic characteristics, time, and cost, and the traffic policy-sensitivity is evaluated through two kinds of traffic policies： parking charges and bus priorities. The empirical results show that travel choice is insensitive to the policy of parking charges as 88. 41% of the travelers are insensitive to parking charges; travel choice is, however, sensitive to the policy of bus priorities as 67.70% of the car travelers and 77.02% of the bus travelers are sensitive to bus priorities. The discrete-choice-based travel demand forecasting model is quite policy-sensitive and also has a good adaptability for travel demand management when meeting the basic functions of the demand forecasting model.
针对现有交通需求预测模型构建过程中忽视交通需求管理要求及缺乏政策敏感性等问题,建立了基于离散选择的交通需求预测模型并论证了其对交通需求管理的适应性. 建立包括个人社会经济特征、时间和价值3 个变量的私人小汽车-公交车离散选择模型,并通过停车收费和公交优先 2 种交通政策来评估模型的政策敏感性. 实证结果表明: 出行选择对停车收费政策敏感性不强,表现为 88. 41% 的出行者对停车收费政策不敏感; 出行选择对公交优先政策敏感性较强,表现为 67. 70% 的私家车出行者及 77. 02% 的公交车出行者对公交优先政策敏感. 基于离散选择模型的交通需求预测模型具有政策敏感性,在满足需求预测基本功能的同时对需求管理具有很好的适应性.
