植物硒形态分析的研究综述

Research progress on speciation of selenium compounds in plants

硒是生物体必须的微量元素,人或动物摄入的硒都直接或间接来自于植物体。综合近年来植物硒形态分析方面有关文献,从植物硒形态种类及代谢途径,植物硒形态的样品处理技术、分离技术、检测技术等方面进行阐述。得出植物体中硒主要以有机硒形式存在,超声微波结合酶提取法是提取植物硒形态有效的方法,高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)联用是有效分离检测植物硒形态的方法之一。此外,植物硒标准品的获取和硒蛋白的深入研究至关重要,电喷雾质谱(ES-MS),电喷雾串联质谱(ES-MS-MS),二维凝胶色谱分离结合激光解吸飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF)等新技术在鉴定未知硒化合物结构,同位素稀释分析法(IDA)在植物硒化合物转化和大分子硒化合物结构方面的应用是未来研究的主要方向。

Selenium（Se） is an essential trace element,which humans and animals take directly or indirectly from plants.This paper reviewed the recent research progress on speciation of selenium compounds in plants,including the kinds of selenium compounds and their metabolic pathways,and the technology for sample treatment,separation,and determination.Organic selenium compounds are the major parts of the selenium speciation in plants.The technology of ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction combined with enzymatic hydrolysis is useful in sample preparation.HPLC-ICP-MS is widely used in determining selenium speciation.It is important to develop more standard selenium compounds and pay more attention to selenoprotein in plants.ES-MS,ES-MS-MS and MALDI-TOF can be applied to identifying the unknown selenium compounds.The application of IDA in determining both the metabolic pathways and the structure of large selenium molecules will be a major aspect for the future research.