不同氮肥类型及施氮水平对大棚黄瓜产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effect of various nitrogen fertilizers and their levels on bigarch shelter cucumber yield and water use efficiency

在水资源严重短缺情况下,水分高效利用研究对设施蔬菜生产进行科学水分管理具有重要意义。笔者根据20cm直径水面蒸发量(EP)和土壤水分实时监测数据确定大棚黄瓜(中农16)补灌水量。在水分充足供给条件下,确定尿素、尿素添加硝化抑制剂(尿素与硝化抑制剂5∶1配比施用)、包膜尿素(缓施肥)三种氮肥类型及其0、350、550、750kg/hm2不同氮肥水平下春茬大棚黄瓜水分耗散、产量及其水分利用效率。结果表明,550kg/hm2施氮水平下尿素+硝化抑制剂的处理大棚黄瓜产量最高为10.9×105 kg/hm2,比空白对照的产量高41.5%;其累积水分消耗量为462.0mm,比对照增加15.2%;大棚黄瓜水分利用效率为14.11kg(干物质)/(mm.ha),比对照增加44.7%。该研究证明550kg/hm2中等施氮水平的尿素添加硝化抑制剂施肥方式利于大棚黄瓜获取较高的产量和具有较高的水分利用效率。

In the case of a serious shortage of water resources, efficient use of water for vegetable production is of an important scientific significance in both water and fertilizer management. On the basis of pan evaporation （Ep） and real-time monitoring of soil moisture content, the amount of water irrigation adequate to big-arch shelter cucumber growth, water dissipation, yield and water use efficiency were determined through the combination of three nitrogen fertilizers including urea, urea containing nitrification inhibitors （5：1 with urea and nitrification inhibitor） and coated urea （slow fertilizer） and their various levels with 0 kg/ha, 350 kg/ha, 550 kg/ha, 750 kg/ha. The results showed that the most 10.9 × 10^5 kg/ha production was gained the treatment of 550 kg/ha urea containing inhibitors, which could increase 41.5% of a yield, 15.2% of a cumulative water con sumption that was at 462.0mm, and 44.7% of a water use efficiency that was at 14. 11 kg （dry matter）/（mm.ha）, compared with that of control, respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the application of moderate levels of urea containing nitrification inhibitor in greenhouse cucumber could gain higher yields and water use efficiency.