论实践智慧

On the Wisdom of Practice

实践智慧以观念的形式内在于人并作用于实践过程,其中既凝结着体现价值取向的德性,又包含关于世界与人自身的知识经验,二者同时又渗入人的现实能力。以成己与成物为指向,实践智慧融合了理论理性与实践理性,体现了说明世界与改变世界的统一。在制约和作用于实践的过程中,实践智慧既渗入了"应当做什么"的价值关切,也包含"应当如何做"的理性判断,既涉及"是什么",也关乎"怎样做"。基于"度"的观念,实践智慧一方面注重度量分界,另一方面又审时度势,由此沟通普遍的理论引导与具体的情境分析,从而展示了独特的方法论趋向。作为德性与能力的统一,实践智慧以实践主体的存在为本体论前提,内在于人并与人同在。可以看到,在实践智慧中,价值取向、知识经验、行动方式、存在规定彼此交融,形成为统一的观念性形态并凝结于实践主体,它在赋予智慧以实践品格的同时,又使实践获得了智慧的内涵。

The wisdom of practice exists in its conceptual form as an inherent part of man and functions in the process of practice.It coheres as the quality of virtue expressed in value orientation and contains cognitive experience of the world and of man himself.The two permeate man's actual capacities or powers.Aiming at completion of the self and of things , the wisdom of practice integrates theoretical and practical reason and reflects the unity of understanding the world and transforming the world. In the process of acting upon practice , the wisdom of practice involves value concerns about'What should be done?'and rational judgments on'How should it be done?' as well as questions of'What is it?and 'How can it be done?'Based on the notion of du (degree) , the wisdom of practice emphasizes the gauging of limits on one hand and grasping the trends of the times on the other.In this way it connects the guidance of universal theory with specific contextual analysis , thereby exhibiting its distinctive methodological orientation.As the union of virtue and power , the wisdom of practice takes the existence of the subject of practice as its ontological premise and coexists with man as an inherent part of man.As can be seen , value orientation , cognitive experience , ways of action and attributes of being are integrated in the wisdom of practice , forming a unified conceptual form which is condensed in the subject of practice.It endows wisdom with a practical quality while at the same time enriching practice with wisdom.