中国流动人口的人力资本回报与社会融合

Returns to Human Capital and Social Integration of Migrants in China

从移民的自我选择理论和技能转换理论角度,考察并比较了不同户籍性质与流动状态的劳动力在城镇劳动力市场上的人力资本回报率,探讨外来劳动力是否可能实现与本地劳动力在经济地位方面的融合。研究发现,外来劳动力多属于正向自我选择式移民;外来非农户籍的劳动力在流入地劳动力市场不存在融合的障碍,其无论在收入还是人力资本回报率方面都高于当地城镇劳动力;外来农民工虽然在流动的初期处于收入劣势,但经过一段时期之后,其中的高技能者的收入将追上本地劳动力,并实现经济地位方面的融合,但低技能者的收入劣势无法改变。因此外来劳动力在城镇劳动力市场上的融合是一种有差别的融合。

This research divides urban workers into four groups according to their hukou (household registration)and migration status.From the perspective of self-selection and skill transferability theories , we examine and compare each group's rates of returns to human capital , and then discuss possible economic integration between migrants and local workers.The research finds that positive self-selection works for migrant groups regardless of hukou status ; migrant workers with non-agricultural hukou encounter no obstacles in economic integration , and they even perform better than local urban workers in terms of earnings and rates of returns to human capital ; and rural migrant workers have less earnings in the early days after their migration , but after a period of time , this group divides : highly skilled workers can catch up with the earnings of and reach economic integration with local workers ; while poorly skilled migrant workers have to stay in inferior income positions.Therefore the integration of migrant workers in urban society is a kind of segregated integration.