电子废弃物拆解场多氯联苯含量及健康风险评价

Concentration and health risk assessment of PCBs in E-waste dismantling field

选择我国典型的电子废弃物拆解场为研究对象,以拆解场各环境介质中PCBs浓度全面调查为基础,采用美国环境保护署(US EPA)人体健康评价模型,结合问卷调查和实际测量修正暴露参数,对浙江台州拆解区人群(成人)进行健康风险评价.结果表明:拆解场大气和土壤中PCBs各同系物的浓度显著高于其他介质,经调查表明可能与拆解场直接焚烧、湿法酸洗工艺有关.多种暴露途径所导致拆解场成人PCBs污染总致癌风险为2.80×10-3,总非致癌风险为1.64×10-3,均超过了US EPA、ICRP等推荐的可接受的风险水平,其中经口暴露的致癌、非致癌风险最大,其次是呼吸暴露.进行敏感性分析表明:无论何种暴露途径,体重(BW)、呼吸速率(IR)、实测参数食物摄食(IR)、皮肤接触表面积(SA)和污染物实测浓度的致癌风险、非致癌风险绝对敏感性都较大.在健康风险评价时,需要对研究区人群暴露参数进行实地调查实测,以降低评价结果的不确定性.

The typical E-waste dismantling field was investigated.Based on the comprehensive survey of the concentration of PCBs of multiple environmental media,the health risk of adults in dismantling field of Taizhou in Zhejiang was assessed by the health assessment models of US EPA and the exposure parameters optimized by questionnaires and actual measurement.It was preliminarily concluded that the concentration of PCBs homolog in dismantling field of multiple environmental media in atmosphere and soil were significantly higher than those in other media,which might be related to the direct burning and wet pickling process.The adults＇ total cancer risk of PCBs pollution from various of exposure pathways in dismantling field was 2.80×10-3,whereas the total non-cancer risk was 1.64×10-3,which both exceeded the maximum acceptable risk levels recommended by US EPA,ICRP,ect.The cancer and non-cancer risk of the oral exposure were the highest,and that of the breathing exposure ranked the second.Sensitivity analysis result illustrated that,no matter what the exposure pathways,the absolute sensitivity of the cancer and non-cancer risks of the body weight（BW）,inhalation rate（IR）,actual measured parameter of ingestion rate（IR） of food,skin surface area available for contact and the concentration of pollutants were significant.Therefore,during the health risk assessment process,the exposure parameters of people in study area should be measured with field survey in order to reduce the uncertainty of evaluation results.