中国1995～1998年艾滋病哨点监测报告

National sentinel surveillance of HIV infection in China from 1995 to 1998

目的 更科学地监测我国艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染流行趋势,为制定艾滋病防治规划和进行干预活动提供准确的信息。方法 从1995年起以重复横断面调查的方法对性传播疾病(STD)门诊就诊者、暗娼、吸毒者、长途卡车司机,以及孕产妇和供血员进行监测。结果 1995年首次监测的8个吸毒者监测哨点未发现HIV感染者,目前19个吸毒者监测哨点已有17个哨点发现了HIV感染者,在1995～1998年乌鲁木齐点HIV感染率从0%上升为28.8%,广西、广东均由1997年的1%上升为1998年的12.8%和10.4%,感染率最高的为新疆伊宁(82.2%)。监测哨点中其他人群HIV感染率仍维持较低水平。发现HIV感染者的暗娼、STD门诊就诊者的哨点数和感染者人数逐年增加。吸毒者中静注毒品和共用注射器的比例也均有增加的趋势,暗娼中不使用避孕套的比例很高。结论 HIV感染在吸毒者中流行速度很快,其他人群存在流行潜在危险。

Objective To monitor the trend of HIV infection in China in order to provide accurate information for AIDS prevention policymakers and planners. Methods Since 1995, cross-sectional sentinel surveys have repeatedly been conducted in China. The target populations in these surveys were STD clinic attenders, prostitutes, drug users, long distance truck drivers, pregnant women, and blood donors. Results In 1995, survey results found no HIV infection among drug users in 8 sentinel surveillance sites. In 1998 however, HIV infection had been found in 17 of 19 sentinel surveillance sites. HIV infection prevalence rates among drug users in Urumqi had increased from 0% in 1995 to 28.8% in 1998 and in Guangxi and Guangdong, from 1% in 1997 to 12.8 % and 10.4 % respectively. The highest HIV prevalence rate was 82.2 % among drug users in Yining city. The HIV prevalence rate remains low in other risk groups but has increased among prostitutes, whose rate of insistent condom use remains low, and among STD clinic attenders. Needle and syringe sharing among drug users have also increased in many sites. Conclusion HIV infection is spreading rapidly among drug users. There are many risks involved in the spread of HIV among prostitutes and their clients, and thus more efficient interventions are urgently needed.